Description

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an immune response to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mold. It causes inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, and itching. Allergic rhinitis can be seasonal (triggered by pollen during certain times of the year) or perennial (year-round, caused by indoor allergens). Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis Frequent sneezing. Runny or stuffy nose. Nasal itching. Postnasal drip. Watery, itchy, or red eyes (allergic conjunctivitis). Itchy throat or ears. Cough or throat irritation. Fatigue (due to disrupted sleep from symptoms). Causes of Allergic Rhinitis Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances (allergens), releasing histamines and other chemicals that trigger symptoms. Common allergens include: Seasonal Allergens: Tree, grass, or weed pollen. Perennial Allergens: Dust mites. Pet dander. Mold spores. Irritants: Smoke, strong odors, or pollution. Diagnosis Medical History: Discussion of symptoms, triggers, and family history of allergies. Physical Examination: Checking for nasal inflammation or other signs. Allergy Testing: Skin Prick Test: Identifies specific allergens causing reactions. Blood Test: Measures levels of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Treatment Options for Allergic Rhinitis 1. Avoidance of Allergens Seasonal Allergies: Stay indoors on high-pollen days. Use air purifiers and keep windows closed. Shower and change clothes after outdoor activities. Indoor Allergies: Wash bedding regularly in hot water. Use dust mite-proof covers for pillows and mattresses. Minimize pet exposure if allergic to animal dander. 2. Medications Antihistamines: Oral (e.g., loratadine, cetirizine, or fexofenadine) or intranasal (e.g., azelastine) to reduce sneezing and itching. Nasal Corticosteroids: Sprays (e.g., fluticasone, budesonide, or mometasone) for reducing inflammation and nasal symptoms. Decongestants: Oral (e.g., pseudoephedrine) or nasal (e.g., oxymetazoline) for short-term relief of nasal congestion. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: Montelukast to reduce nasal and eye symptoms, especially in asthma-associated allergies. Combination Medications: Products containing antihistamines and decongestants. 3. Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots or Tablets) Gradual exposure to allergens to desensitize the immune system. Effective for severe or persistent allergic rhinitis. 4. Lifestyle and Home Remedies Use saline nasal sprays or rinses to clear allergens and mucus. Keep indoor humidity levels below 50% to reduce mold and dust mites. Wear a mask during outdoor activities if pollen levels are high. Complications of Untreated Allergic Rhinitis Sinus infections. Sleep disturbances or sleep apnea. Worsening of asthma or eczema. Reduced quality of life due to chronic symptoms. When to See a Doctor Symptoms persist despite over-the-counter treatments. Severe interference with daily activities or sleep. Development of complications like sinusitis or asthma. An allergist or ENT specialist can help develop a personalized treatment plan, including advanced testing and therapies for better symptom control.

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