Description

Chronic sinusitis, or chronic rhinosinusitis, is a long-lasting inflammation of the sinuses that persists for at least 12 weeks despite treatment. It can significantly impact quality of life by causing nasal congestion, facial pain, and difficulty breathing. Causes of Chronic Sinusitis Nasal Blockages: Deviated nasal septum. Nasal polyps (non-cancerous growths in the nasal passages). Infections: Persistent or recurrent bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Allergies: Allergic rhinitis or hay fever can contribute to inflammation. Irritants: Exposure to pollutants, smoke, or strong odors. Immune System Disorders: Conditions like immunodeficiency or autoimmune diseases. Ciliary Dysfunction: Impaired function of cilia (tiny hairs) in the sinuses. Other Medical Conditions: Asthma. Cystic fibrosis. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Symptoms of Chronic Sinusitis Nasal congestion or blockage. Thick nasal discharge (yellow or green). Postnasal drip (mucus drainage down the throat). Facial pain or pressure, especially around the eyes, cheeks, or forehead. Headache. Reduced or lost sense of smell or taste. Fatigue. Sore throat or cough (from postnasal drip). Diagnosis Medical History: Discussion of symptoms and duration. Physical Examination: Examining the nose and sinuses using an otoscope or nasal endoscope. Imaging: CT scan of the sinuses to identify blockages, inflammation, or anatomical issues. Allergy Testing: To determine if allergies contribute to symptoms. Cultures: To detect bacterial or fungal infections. Treatment Options for Chronic Sinusitis Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, reducing inflammation, and addressing underlying causes. 1. Medications Nasal Corticosteroids: Sprays (e.g., fluticasone, budesonide) to reduce inflammation. Saline Irrigation: Rinsing the nasal passages with a saline solution to clear mucus and allergens. Antibiotics: Only prescribed for bacterial infections; not effective for viral or fungal causes. Oral or Injectable Corticosteroids: For severe inflammation or nasal polyps. Antihistamines: For sinusitis caused by allergies. Antifungal Medications: If a fungal infection is diagnosed. 2. Non-Pharmacological Treatments Steam Inhalation: Helps ease nasal congestion and loosen mucus. Humidifiers: Maintain moisture in the air to prevent dryness. Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding known allergens or irritants like smoke and pollution. 3. Surgical Options Considered if medications fail to provide relief or if structural issues exist: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS): Minimally invasive surgery to remove blockages and improve sinus drainage. Balloon Sinuplasty: A balloon is used to open blocked sinus passages. Polypectomy: Removal of nasal polyps. When to See a Doctor Symptoms persist for more than 12 weeks despite treatment. Severe facial pain, swelling, or redness around the eyes. Recurrent infections or high fever. Vision changes or severe headaches (may indicate complications). Prevention Tips Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke. Use a humidifier, especially in dry environments. Manage allergies effectively with medications or allergen avoidance. Practice good hygiene to prevent infections. A consultation with an ENT specialist can help create a personalized treatment plan for managing chronic sinusitis effectively.

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