Description

Nasal polyps are non-cancerous, soft, and painless growths that develop on the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. They are often associated with conditions like allergies, asthma, or chronic sinus infections. While small polyps may not cause noticeable symptoms, larger ones or multiple polyps can block the nasal passages, leading to complications. Causes of Nasal Polyps Chronic Inflammation: Persistent irritation in the nasal or sinus lining. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever): A common trigger. Asthma: Particularly in cases of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Chronic Sinusitis: Long-term sinus infections. Cystic Fibrosis: Thick mucus buildup in the respiratory system. Immune System Disorders: Such as allergic fungal sinusitis. Genetic Predisposition: Family history of nasal polyps or related conditions. Symptoms of Nasal Polyps Persistent nasal congestion. Difficulty breathing through the nose. Runny nose or postnasal drip. Reduced or lost sense of smell and taste. Frequent sinus infections. Headaches or facial pain/pressure. Snoring or sleep apnea. Diagnosis Physical Examination: Using a nasal speculum or otoscope to inspect the nasal passages. Nasal Endoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the nose for detailed examination. Imaging Tests: CT scans or X-rays to assess the size and location of polyps and rule out other conditions. Allergy Testing: To identify triggers contributing to inflammation. Cystic Fibrosis Testing: For children diagnosed with nasal polyps. Treatment Options for Nasal Polyps Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, shrinking the polyps, and managing underlying conditions. 1. Medications Nasal Corticosteroids: First-line treatment (e.g., fluticasone, mometasone, or budesonide) to reduce inflammation and shrink polyps. Oral or Injectable Corticosteroids: For larger polyps or severe symptoms, often used short-term due to side effects. Biologic Therapies: Medications like dupilumab (Dupixent) target specific inflammatory pathways, especially for severe cases. Antihistamines: To manage allergies contributing to inflammation. Antibiotics: For bacterial sinus infections associated with polyps. Antifungal Medications: If fungal infections are involved. 2. Non-Surgical Treatments Saline Nasal Irrigation: Rinse nasal passages with saline to remove irritants and mucus. Allergy Management: Avoid allergens and use appropriate medications or immunotherapy. 3. Surgical Options If medications fail to relieve symptoms or polyps cause significant obstruction: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS): Minimally invasive procedure to remove polyps and improve sinus drainage. Polypectomy: Removal of polyps using specialized tools. When to Seek Medical Attention Persistent nasal blockage or congestion despite treatment. Severe facial pain, headaches, or pressure. Recurrent sinus infections. Loss of smell or taste that does not improve with standard treatments. Prevention Tips Manage allergies and asthma effectively. Avoid irritants like cigarette smoke and strong odors. Use a humidifier to keep nasal passages moist. Practice good hygiene to reduce the risk of infections. For ongoing issues or severe symptoms, consultation with an ENT specialist is crucial to determine the best course of action.

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